In China, where around 10 million Catholics reside, worshipers face a dilemma between attending state-sanctioned churches or underground congregations loyal to the Vatican. The foreign ministry of China acknowledged Lin's appointment as evidence of the smooth implementation of the 2018 agreement and expressed willingness to further enhance relations with the Vatican. Experts suggest that this move by the Pope represents a commitment to reconciliation over antagonism, continuing a trend initiated by Pope Francis's earlier recognition of several bishops appointed by the Chinese government. The Vatican and China have sought to mend diplomatic ties severed since 1951, with periodic struggles reflecting the complexities of religious governance in a state-controlled environment.
Pope Appoints First Chinese Bishop, Reinforces Vatican-Beijing Pact

Pope Appoints First Chinese Bishop, Reinforces Vatican-Beijing Pact
Pope Leo XIV's recent appointment of Fuzhou Auxiliary Bishop Joseph Lin Yuntuan underscores the Vatican's ongoing commitment to its historical agreement with China.
The appointment of Bishop Lin, the first Chinese bishop under Pope Leo XIV, signifies the continuation of the Vatican's 2018 accord aimed at enhancing relations with Beijing. This agreement allows Chinese officials to have a say in the appointment of bishops, a process that has remained contentious as it challenges the Vatican's authority in ecclesiastical matters. The Vatican reported that Lin's ministry is officially recognized by Chinese law, highlighting a progression in dialogue between the Holy See and Chinese authorities, which reflects a potential hope for improved cooperation.