However, vehicle owners express worries about potential declines in fuel efficiency and the corrosive nature of ethanol, which might impact non-E20 compliant vehicles negatively. Many older vehicles lack compatibility with E20 fuel, prompting skepticism among consumers. Some industry experts acknowledge the concerns but suggest that measures could be taken to mitigate risks. Car manufacturers are reportedly introducing kits to facilitate compliance, but not all car owners are satisfied.

On a larger scale, the policy's implications for food security are troubling, as increased ethanol production diverts crops typically used for food, such as rice and maize. The government's current projections indicate a need for up to 20 billion liters of ethanol by 2050, raising alarms about potential agricultural repercussions in a country where food insecurity is a pressing issue. Experts warn that utilizing food crops for fuel could exacerbate existing hunger and agricultural challenges.

Ultimately, while India's biofuel initiative presents clear environmental benefits, the accompanying concerns highlight the complex trade-offs between energy sustainability and food security. The government intends to progressively increase ethanol blending beyond E20, ushering in debates about the viability of such strategies in a nation with considerable socio-economic issues tied to agriculture and food distribution.