In the Tal al-Sultan area of Rafah, Palestinians attempting to collect aid from the Israeli-backed Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF) came under fire from local gunmen and Israeli forces on Monday. This marked a disturbing escalation in the conflict, as eyewitnesses reported that for the first time, gunfire erupted from what appeared to be Palestinian militias. The GHF had already been distributing food aid at several locations across Gaza since late May, but Monday's incident was particularly violent, resulting in six deaths and 99 injuries, as confirmed by Gaza's Hamas-run health ministry.

Witness accounts indicated that individuals at the site believed they were being shot at by both local gunmen and Israeli troops. Reports of casualties came as civilians tried to approach the aid distribution centers in a region that has seen consistent violence during aid efforts. The Israeli military stated they were investigating the incidents but emphasized their operations were focused on legitimate threats rather than civilians.

The GHF clarified that their distribution in the Tal al-Sultan area did not proceed as planned due to the chaos of the crowds, while two other sites in Rafah and central Gaza reportedly handed out aid without incident. John Acree, GHF's interim executive director, stated that over 11 million meals had been delivered amid claims of no significant incidents at their distribution sites.

However, the reality on the ground painted a much grimmer picture. Victims of the violence described being shot at indiscriminately. Eyewitnesses highlighted a group of masked individuals who were apparently managing the queue for aid but suddenly turned against the crowd, leading to a frantic scene filled with fear and confusion.

Gaza's health ministry used the chaos to underline the escalating humanitarian crisis in a region already devastated by a prolonged blockade. With hospitals overwhelmed and rising death tolls as a backdrop to the aid distribution efforts, residents faced increasing desperation.

International actors, including the UN, have criticized the GHF's role, suggesting it undermines established humanitarian principles and warning of dire consequences for the 2.1 million residents of Gaza facing severe food shortages and challenges due to the ongoing conflict. The situation remains volatile, particularly since the Israeli military response to the Hamas-led attack on October 7, 2023, has significantly impacted civilian life and health in Gaza, aggravating an already critical humanitarian crisis.