On a rooftop of a nine-story building in Ho Chi Minh City, the Pittman, the words “FALL OF SAIGON” are etched, capturing a moment in history. Nguyen Van Hiep recalls the chaos of April 29, 1975, as he witnessed an American helicopter desperately land on the building's roof amid the final breath of the Vietnam War. The helicopter operated by U.S. forces became a lifeline for civilians scrambling to escape the crumbling South Vietnamese government.

Mr. Hiep's father maintained the building, which served as the residence for the Central Intelligence Agency's deputy director. As he looked on, he saw the chaotic scene unfold – Vietnamese civilians pushing each other to board as an American officer in a white shirt tried to manage the frantic crowd. What he saw became iconic after a photograph by Hubert Van Es was miscaptioned, leading many to incorrectly believe it depicted desperate evacuees from the U.S. Embassy.

Such narratives reveal how history can be misunderstood. The true story behind the Pittman building and others like it encapsulates the complexity of Vietnam's past, now intricately layered within a modern metropolis. The transformation of these sites from symbols of conflict to locations intertwined with Vietnam’s thriving present serves as a reminder of the dramatic shifts the nation has undergone since the end of the war. As we commemorate 50 years since the fall of Saigon, it is crucial to acknowledge both the memories and the lessons they impart for future generations.