The Rubaya mine in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo stands as a key player in the global mobile phone industry, with thousands of miners toiling under the watch of M23 rebels who recently allowed the BBC to gain rare access to the site. Daily, more than 10,000 individuals engage in the arduous task of extracting coltan ore—an essential component in many electronic devices. The bustling site is marked by deep pits and extensive tunnels, with workers laboriously digging and transporting ore.
Patrice Musafiri, the mine supervisor since the rebel takeover in April 2022, shared details about the site's organization and substantial workforce, which faces dangerous and grueling conditions. Miners like Peter Osiasi highlight the physical toll of working underground, where temperatures soar and harmful gases lurk, necessitating air pumps to facilitate continued labor. Nonetheless, Osiasi reflected on the personal progress he has achieved through mining, managing to save for a dowry and build a family.
Situated in the lush Masisi Hills of North Kivu, the Rubaya mine contains approximately 15% of the world's coltan reserves and is strategically significant to international investors. The region's instability, compounded by complex ethnic tensions and prolonged armed conflict, has historically benefitted armed groups and the Congolese army, underscoring the mine's importance.
The BBC's visit came just after a ceasefire agreement was signed between DR Congo and Rwanda, aiming to resolve years of conflict, during which the M23 has captured significant territories, including Goma. Allegations persist regarding Rwanda's involvement with the M23, further complicating the fragile peace efforts supported by the US. The focus on accessing Congo's rich mineral resources raises concerns about the motivations behind foreign investments.
Despite the pressing need for economic growth and stability, miners like Osiasi express frustration over their low wages, despite appreciating the relatively safer and more organized working environment introduced by the M23. The potential arrival of American investors is seen as a double-edged sword, where local hopes for infrastructural improvements and job security collide with the persistent presence of armed groups.
As the political landscape remains uncertain, local communities in Rubaya yearn for lasting peace to overcome ongoing violence and economic hardship. Both residents and miners share a common appeal for peace and better remuneration for their labor as negotiations between conflicting parties and external investors unfold.
