The referendum will propose reducing the mandatory residency period required to apply for citizenship from ten years to just five. If successful, the law could provide hundreds of thousands of immigrants a chance to gain formal nationality, challenging the stance of Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who opposes loosening these regulations. However, for the referendum’s passage, turnout is imperative; over 50% of voters must participate, and a majority must support the change, which might be difficult in a country accustomed to low voter engagement.

Whatever the outcome, this referendum has sparked crucial discussions around citizenship and identity, mirroring similar debates occurring in various parts of the world amid ongoing migration.