Rakhaldas Banerjee is remembered as an archaeologist whose work in the early 1900s led to the discovery of Mohenjo-daro, a key city of the Indus Valley Civilization, located in current-day Pakistan. His remarkable career within the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) was marked by both brilliance and controversy, restricting his recognition in world history. During his tenure, Banerjee traveled extensively, seeking ancient artifacts and scripts, yet he often clashed with colonial protocols, resulting in disputes that tainted his legacy. Although pivotal in uncovering significant archaeological sites and linking them to the broader Indus Valley Civilization, Banerjee's reports were suppressed, leading to the credit for his work being attributed to others. After a controversial exit from the ASI due to unfounded allegations of idol theft, he continued his academic career until his untimely death at age 45, leaving behind a complex, yet notable, legacy in archaeology.